Chemistry of the Representative Elements

Course Code2864Marks: 100Credits: 4Class Hours: 60Course Title:Chemistry of the Representative ElementsExam Duration: 4 Hours1.Hydrogen: Introduction, resemblance with alkali metals and with halogens, various forms of hydrogen (nascent hydrogen, occluded hydrogen, atomic hydrogen, and ortho and para hydrogen molecules), isotopes of hydrogen, binary hydrides and their classification, water gas, water gas shift reaction, hydrogen bond, structure of ice, hydrogen -the prospective future fuel.2.The Alkali Metals: Occurrence and extraction, comparative properties, hardness, ionization energies, cation sizes and polarization, flame coloration,solubility and hydration, hydration radii, reducing strength, anomalous behavior of Li, diagonal relationship of Li with Mg, compounds of Na: sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, complex compounds of alkali metals, organometallic compounds and crown ethers, biological importance of alkali metals.3.The Alkaline Earth Metals: Occurrence and extraction, comparative properties, ionization energies, cation sizes and polarization, flame coloration, solubility and lattice energy, reducing character, anomalousbehavior of Be, diagonal relationship between Be and Al, compounds of beryllium and calcium, hardness of water, organometallic and complex compounds, biological role of magnesium and calcium ions.4.The Boron Family: General properties, occurrence and abundance, extraction of aluminium, electron deficient compounds, chemistry of boron hydrides, borax and boric acid, borazine and its similarity and dissimilarity with benzene, Lewis acid character of BX3compounds, chemistry of aluminium, uses of aluminium, alum, stability of Tl(I) state.5.Carbon and Its Congeners: Introduction, structure and allotropy of the elements, catenation, structure of graphite and diamond, inert pair effect, carbides, oxides of carbon and carbonic acid, physiological aspects of CO, multiple bonding in carbon and silicon, silicates, classification of silicates, structure of silicates, lead and its toxicity, carbon dating.6.The Nitrogen Family: General properties, catenation, anomalous nature of nitrogen, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen hydrides, NH3as a nonaqueous solvent, hydroxylamine, azides, oxides and oxo-acids of nitrogen, allotropes of phosphorus, oxides and oxo-acids of phosphorus, phosphazenes and cyclophosphazenes, arsenic as a water pollutant.7.The Chalcogens: Generalproperties, anomalous nature of oxygen, allotropes of oxygen, uses of dioxygen, dioxygen as a ligand, ozone -its production and importance in atmosphere, CFCs and destruction of ozone layer, ionic and covalent oxides, peroxides and superoxides, occurrence and allotropes of sulfur, oxides and oxo-acids of sulfur, acid rain and SO2.8.The Halogens: Occurrence, comparative properties, colors and physical states of dihalogens, trends in bond dissociation energies, electrolytic production of F2and Cl2and their uses, hydrogen halides, bridging halides, interhalogen compounds: classification, structures, physical and chemical properties, pseudohalogens.9.The Inert Gases: Occurrence, isolation, chemistry and uses, xenon compounds: fluorides, oxides and oxo -acids and their structures, complexes of xenon, clathrate compounds of noble gases.10.Fundamentals of Quantitative Analysis: Precision and accuracy, mean and median, rounding off, significant figure convention, errors in quantitative analysis, methodsof quantitative analysis, volumetric analysis, classification of methods of volumetric analysis, primary and secondary standard substances, gravimetric analysis, choice of precipitant, condition for formation of crystalline precipitates, coprecipitation.Books Recommended:1.Chemistry of the Elements, N. N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, Pergamon Press.2.Basic Inorganic Chemistry, F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, and P. L. Gaus, John Wiley & Sons.3.Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C. A. Murillo and M. Bochmann, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.4.Modern Inorganic Chemistry, R. D. Madan, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.5.Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, S. Prakash, G. D. Tuli, S. K. Basu, R. D. Madan, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.6.Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry, S. Z. Haider, Friends International.