Fundamentals of Analytical And Environmental Chemistry

Course Code2876Marks: 100Credits: 4Class Hours: 60Course TitleFundamentals of Analytical And Environmental Chemistry 1.Basic Concepts in Analytical Chemistry and Statistical Treatment of Data: Analytical detection and quantification, sensitivity, selectivity, specificity, concentration limit, dilution limit etc. of chemical reactions, sample containers, sample preservation, sampling, sample dissolution, wet ashing and dry ashing, reagents and reactions, population and sample mean, standard deviation, relative standard deviation, coefficient of variation, variance, confidence limit, Gaussian distribution, statistical tests –the F test, the T test, the Q test, regression lines, least square method, coefficient of correlation.2.Volumetric Analysis: Principle, apparatus, end point, indicator, general factors influencing volumetric method, advantages, acid-base titrations, redox titrations, complexometric titrations –complexing agents, influence of [H+] on complexation, metallochromic indicators, color transition with metallochromic indicators, masking and demasking, uses of EDTA titrations.3.Gravimetric Analysis: Introduction, general requirements of a gravimetric method, precipitation from homogeneous solution, practical gravimetric procedures, application of gravimetry. 4.Spectrophotometric Analysis:Ultraviolet and visible radiation, absorbance, transmittance, absorptivity, the Beer-Lambert’s law, limitations of Beer-Lambert’s law, wavelength selection, basic components of a spectrophotometer, qualitative and quantitative analysis, stoichiometric determination of metal-ligand complexes, derivative spectrophotometry.5.Thermal Analysis: Thermogravimetry(TG), types of TG,instrumentation, application of TG, derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), simultaneous TG and DTG, differential thermal analysis (DTA): working principle, instrumentation, factors affecting DTA, applications, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC): working principle, instrumentation and applications.6.Atomic Spectrometric Methods: Atomic absorption and atomic emission, absorption line width, choice of absorption line, flame emission spectrometry: instrumentation, flame emission analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry: principles, instrumentation and interferences, electro-thermal atomizers, sample requirements and general preparation techniques, the effect of different solvents, sensitivity, qualitative and quantitative analysis, hydride vapour generation technique, cold vapour technique, advantages and disadvantages of AAS.7.Voltammetric Analysis:Diffusion current, half wave potential, oxygen interference, voltammetry –ASV, CSV and CV, multicomponent analysis, quantitative applications. 8.Basic Concept of Environmental Chemistry and its Scope: Fundamental components and structure of the environment, lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere, their natural and chemical compositions, structure of the atmosphere.9.Water Pollution: General causes of water pollution, types of chemical pollutants in water, inorganics, organics, nutrients, pesticides, PCBs, PAHC, toxic heavy metals, radioactivity in water, detergents, etc.,water treatment -coagulation, flocculation and filtration techniques, ion exchange purification of water, photo-oxidation, adsorption of chemical pollutants from dilute solution, electrochemical processes for water purification and reverse osmosis technology, sewerage and industrial waste water treatment.
10.Atmospheric Chemistry and Air Pollution: Nature of chemical pollutants in the atmosphere and their sources, chemical and photochemical reactions and their consequent effects -ozone depletion, greenhouse effect and damage to physical structures, acid rain, photochemical smog, particulates, air pollution control.11.Toxic Effect of Chemical Pollutants on Living Systems: Introduction,biochemical effects andtoxicity of metals: Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, etc., pesticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, gases: CO, H2S, NO2, HCN etc.12.National Policy for the Protection of the Environment: International laws of the seas, clean air and clean water acts, national environment quality standards (EQS), EEC and WHO guidelines for air and water quality. Books Recommended:1.Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, D. A. Skoog, D. M. West, F. J. Holler and S. R. Crouch, Saunders College Publishing.2.Analytical Chemistry, G. D. Christian, John Wiley & Sons.3.Modern Analytical Chemistry, D. Harvey, McGraw-Hill Higher Education.4.A Text Book of Quantitative Analysis, A. I. Vogel, Longman, Green and Co. Ltd.5.Environmental Chemistry, S. E. Manahan, 8thedition, CRC Press.6.Fundamental Concepts of Environmental Chemistry, G. S. Sodhi, Narosa Publishing House.7.Environmental Chemistry, A.K. De, New Age International Publishers.8.Air Quality, T. Godish, Lewis Publishers.9.Environmental Toxicology, M. Satake, Y Mido, M. S. Sethi, S. A. Iqbal, H. Yasuhisa and S. Taguchi, Discovery Publishing House.