Chemical Spectroscopy

Course Code2878Marks: 100Credits: 4Class Hours: 60Course TitleChemical Spectroscopy 1. Electromagnetic Radiation: The natural of electromagnetic radiation; Emission and absorption spectra; Spectrometers; Basic components of dispersive spectrometers, modulation technique; Transmittance and absorbance; Representation of spectra; Spectral peaks, Intensities, Width and resolution, Signal to noise ratio and signal averaging; Fourier transform technique and its advantages. 2.Atomic spectroscopy:Atomic spectra; Spectra of hydrogen and hydrogen-like elements; Energy level diagrams; Angular momentum of atoms; Coupling of orbital and spin angular moments; Term symbols; Fine structure of atomic spectra; Methods ofexciting atomic spectra; Atomic absorption spectroscopy; Applications. 3.Rotational spectroscopy:Rotationof molecules and the classification of rotating molecules with radiation; Microwave spectrometer; Rotational energies of liner rotators; Distribution of molecules and rotational spectra centrifugal distortion; Symmetric top molecules and their rotational spectra; Effect of isotopic substitution; Stark effect and its use in microwaves spectrometers; Determination of molecular geometry from microwave spectra. 4. Infrared spectroscopy:Vibration in molecules; Normal modes, Harmonic and anharmonic; Potential energy diagrams; Morseequation; Vibrational energy; Dissociation energy of diatomic molecules; Population of vibration levels; Transition probabilities; Fundamental, overtone and hot band transitions; Combination and different bands; Farmi resonance; Vibration –rotation spectra of gaseous molecules;P.Q and R branches: parallel and perpendicular vibrations; Infrared spectra of polyatomic molecule;Characteristic group vibrations and skeletal vibrations; Shifts in group frequencies Techniques; Radiation sources; Optics; Monochromators; Sample holders; Detectors for infrared spectrometers; Handling of samples; Gaseous; Liquid and solid samples; FTIR spectrometers. 5. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy:Electronic states of molecules; Spectra ofsimple gaseous diatomic species and their vibrational course structure; Frank-condon principle and intensities of spectral lines; Dissociation energy; Pre-dissociation; Spectra of species in condensed phase; Various electronic transitions in organic and inorganic species; Width of electronic bands; Effect of solvent on band width and band position; Chromospheres, Bathochromic and Hypochromic shifts, Auxochromes.6. Raman spectroscopy:Raman effect; Classical and quantum concept of Raman scattering; Criterion of Raman activity; Raman spectrometers; Use of laser in Raman spectroscopy; Energy expression for Vibrational and rotational Raman spectra; Use of polarized light; Applications of Raman spectroscopy. 7. Principles of Resonance spectroscopy:Electron spin and nuclear spin; Effect of magnetic field onthe energies of spinning electrons and nuclei; The Larmor precession; Resonance absorption of radiation through spin flipping; Relaxation time’s; The NMR spectrometers; The ESR spectrometer; NMR spectroscopy: Election density at the nucleus, the chemical shift, and scales of chemical shift; the coupling of nuclear spins, the coupling constant; Exchange phenomenon in chemical analysis by NMR techniques. ESR spectroscopy: The g-factor, Hyperfine splitting. Determination of electron density from ESR spectroscopic studies. 8. Mass spectrometry:Theory, spectrometer, Electron impact (EI), Chemical ionization (CI), Desorption ionization (DI), First atom Bombardment, Tendon mass spectroscopy, Fragmentation 
process, Molecular ion identification, Interpretation of Mass spectra. Instrumentation of mass spectrophotometer.Books Recommended: 1. The structure of Molecules;G.M. Barrow2. Introduction of Molecular Spectroscopy; G.M. Barrow3. Fundamental of Molecular Spectroscopy; C.N. Banwell4. The Infrared Spectra of Complex Molecule; L.J. Bellamy5. Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy; Rao6. Molecular Spectroscopy; Rayfmond Chang7. Spectra of Diatomic Molecule; Hertzberg8. Physical Chemistry; P.W. Atkins